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Relative tectonics and debris flow hazards in the Beijing mountain area from DEM-derived geomorphic indices and drainage analysis

机译：Relative tectonics and debris flow hazards in the Beijing mountain area from DEm-derived geomorphic indices and drainage analysis

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The geomorphic setting of the tectonically active area around Beijing is a result of complex interactions involving Yanshan neotectonic movements and processes of erosion and deposition. The Beijing Mountain study area contains the junction of two mountain ranges (the Yanshan Mountains and the Taihang Mountains). Tectonic activity has significantly influenced the drainage system and the geomorphic situation in the area, leading to a high probability of the development of debris flows, which is one of the major abrupt geological disasters in the region. Based on 30-m-resolution ASTER GDEM data, a total of 752 drainage basins were extracted using ArcGIS software. A total of 705 debris flow valleys were visually interpreted from ALOS satellite images and published documents. Seven geomorphic indices were calculated for each basin including the relief amplitude, the hypsometric integral, the stream length gradient, the basin shape indices, the fractal dimension, the asymmetry factor, and the ratio of the valley floor width to the height. These geomorphic indices were divided into five classes and the ratio of the number of the debris flow valleys to the number of the drainage basins for each geomorphic index was computed and analyzed for every class. Average class values of the seven indices were used to derive an index of relative active tectonics (IRAT). The ratio of the number of the debris flow valleys to the number of the drainage basins was computed for every class of IRAT. The degree of probable risk level was then defined from the IRAT classes. Finally, the debris flow hazard was evaluated for each drainage basin based on the combined effect of probable risk level and occurrence frequency of the debris flows. The result showed a good correspondence between IRAT classes and the ratio of the number of the debris flow valleys to the number of the drainage basins. Approximately 65% of the drainage basins with occurred debris flow valleys are at a high risk level, while 43% of the drainage basins without occurred debris flow valleys are at a high risk level. A comparison with results from past studies demonstrated that the accuracy of these findings is greater than 85%, indicating that the basin topography created by rapid tectonic deformations is more favorable for debris flows. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：北京周围构造活动区的地貌环境是燕山新构造运动和侵蚀与沉积过程复杂相互作用的结果。北京山研究区包含两个山脉的交界处（燕山山脉和太行山山脉）。构造活动极大地影响了该地区的排水系统和地貌状况，导致形成泥石流的可能性很高，这是该地区的重大地质灾害之一。基于30米分辨率的ASTER GDEM数据，使用ArcGIS软件提取了752个流域。从ALOS卫星图像和已发布的文件中，总共对705个泥石流谷进行了视觉解释。为每个盆地计算了七个地貌指标，包括起伏幅度，水势积分，河流长度梯度，盆地形状指标，分形维数，不对称因子以及谷底宽高比。这些地貌指标分为五个类别，并针对每个类别计算并分析了泥石流谷数与流域盆地数的比率。七个指标的平均类别值用于得出相对活跃构造（IRAT）的指标。对于每类IRAT，计算了泥石流谷数与流域数的比值。然后根据IRAT类别定义可能的风险等级。最后，根据可能的风险水平和泥石流发生频率的综合影响，对每个流域的泥石流危害进行了评估。结果表明，IRAT类型与泥石流谷数与流域数之比之间具有良好的对应关系。发生泥石流谷的流域中约有65％处于高风险水平，而没有泥石流谷的流域中有43％处于高风险水平。与以往研究结果的比较表明，这些发现的准确性高于85％，这表明由快速构造变形产生的盆地地形对泥石流更为有利。 （C）2016 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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